Naming Compounds Chemistry · Noduly
Lesson

Names that map to formulas

Chemical names tell you which atoms are in a compound and how they balance. Learn three rule sets — one for ionic, one for covalent, one for acids — and you can decode (or write) most names you meet.

Ionic compounds (metal + nonmetal)

Cation first, anion second. Drop the anion ending and add -ide for monoatomic anions: Na + Cl → NaCl, sodium chloride. Polyatomic anions keep their own name: CaSO₄, calcium sulfate.

Stock system (variable charge)

Transition metals can take more than one charge. Add a roman numeral after the metal name: FeCl₂ → iron(II) chloride; FeCl₃ → iron(III) chloride.

Covalent (nonmetal + nonmetal)

Use Greek prefixes — mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-... Drop "mono-" on the first element. CO → carbon monoxide; N₂O₄ → dinitrogen tetroxide.

Acids

Binary (no oxygen): hydro-X-ic acid. HCl(aq) → hydrochloric acid. Oxyacid with -ate anion: X-ic acid; with -ite: X-ous acid. HNO₃ → nitric, HNO₂ → nitrous.

Greek prefixes for covalent compounds

1
mono-
2
di-
3
tri-
4
tetra-
5
penta-
6
hexa-
7
hepta-
8
octa-
9
nona-
10
deca-
Next in chemistry
Balancing Chemical Equations →
Now that you can write formulas, make atoms in equal atoms out.

Hands-on tools

Convert in either direction; drill the polyatomic ions until they’re second nature.

Formula → name

Type a chemical formula. Works for binary ionic, transition-metal compounds with polyatomic ions, and binary covalent.

Quick try:

Name → formula

Type a compound name. Use lowercase; for variable-charge metals include the roman numeral as "iron(III)".

Quick try:

Polyatomic ion drill

Click "next" to challenge yourself; the back of the card has formula, name and charge.

SO₄²⁻

Polyatomic table — tap a cell for detail

Common cations & anions

Reference table — click a row for compounds containing it.

Cations

Anions

Quiz

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Flashcards

Tap a card to flip. ← / → keys to navigate.

SO₄²⁻
Sulfate2− charge.
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Daily challenge

Five compounds to name. Same set worldwide, refreshes at midnight UTC.

For teachers

Print-ready worksheet, answer key, teaching tips and standards alignment.

Teaching tips

    Standards alignment

      Reference

      Common compounds

      Glossary

      Photo gallery — common compounds

      Images sourced from Wikipedia.

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